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<\/p>\n1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda kur\u015funlu akaryak\u0131t\u0131 geli\u015ftiren ve daha sonra Freon isimli so\u011futucu gaz\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6n ayak olan Midgley, hem iklim krizini derinle\u015ftirdi hem de milyarlarca insan\u0131n s\u0131hhatini tehlikeye att\u0131.<\/p>\n
BENZ\u0130NE “TEL” KARI\u015eTIRDI<\/b><\/p>\n
Midgley\u2019in birinci b\u00fcy\u00fck icad\u0131, akaryak\u0131ta tetraetil kur\u015fun (TEL) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak oktan d\u00fczeyini y\u00fckseltmek \u00fczerineydi. Bu sayede motor performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor; fakat olu\u015fan etraf ve s\u0131hhat sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6z arkas\u0131 ediliyordu. Kur\u015fun, teneff\u00fcs ve sindirim yoluyla bedene girerek beyne kadar ula\u015fabiliyor, bilhassa \u00e7ocuklarda bili\u015fsel geli\u015fimi olumsuz istikamette etkiliyordu.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara nazaran, kur\u015funlu akaryak\u0131t\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131, 170 milyondan fazla Amerikal\u0131n\u0131n toplamda 824 IQ puan\u0131 kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 puanl\u0131k bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f manas\u0131na geliyor. Kimi \u015fah\u0131slarda ise kay\u0131p 6 puan\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
1996 YILINDA YASAKLANDI<\/b><\/p>\n
Midgley, t\u0131pk\u0131 rand\u0131man\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek akaryak\u0131ta etanol kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fczere alternatifleri bilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, kur\u015fun bile\u015fi\u011fi kullanmay\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Bunun temel nedeni, etanol yerine TEL i\u00e7in patent alarak \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flama iste\u011fiydi. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda New Jersey\u2019de ya\u015fanan bir olaydaysa, TEL ile direkt temas eden 5 personelin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi g\u00fcndem yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; lakin devrin s\u0131hhat raporlar\u0131, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ilerin korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini\u201d savunup eserin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na mani \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131. Kur\u015funlu akaryak\u0131t lakin 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda yasaklanabildi, fakat tesirleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 hissediliyor.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
OZON KATMANINA B\u00dcY\u00dcK Z\u0130YAN VERD\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n
1920\u2019lerin sonunda, klima ve buzdolaplar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan so\u011futucu bile\u015fikler zehirli, patlay\u0131c\u0131 ve yan\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya tahlil arayan grupta yer alan Midgley, \u201cFreon\u201d ismi verilen maddeyi geli\u015ftirdi. Freon, k\u0131sa m\u00fcddette pop\u00fclerle\u015fti; lakin ozon katman\u0131na ziyan veriyor ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sera gaz\u0131 tesiri olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n
1987\u2019de imzalanan Montreal Protokol\u00fc, bu cins ziyanl\u0131 gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcretimini s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131. O periyotta Freon\u2019un yerine daha az ziyanl\u0131 alternatifler geli\u015ftirilse de, verilen hasar\u0131n izleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fcnya genelinde g\u00f6zlemlenebiliyor.<\/p>\n
51 YA\u015eINDA YATALAK KALDI<\/b><\/p>\n
Thomas Midgley Jr., 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda 51 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00e7ocuk felci nedeniyle yatalak oldu. Kendi geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir makara d\u00fczene\u011fiyle yataktan kalkmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, iplerin bo\u011faz\u0131na dolanmas\u0131 sonucu 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u00d6mr\u00fc boyunca \u00fcretti\u011fi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck icat, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u0131sa vadeli geli\u015fimine katk\u0131 sa\u011flasa da, iklim krizinden insan s\u0131hhatine dek uzanan pek \u00e7ok sorunun temellerini atm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Araba d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f so\u011futma teknolojisi dendi\u011finde akla gelen birinci isimlerden biri, mucit Thomas Midgley Jr. Fakat Midgley\u2019in \u00fcretti\u011fi iki bulu\u015fun da y\u0131llard\u0131r do\u011fay\u0131 ve insan s\u0131hhatini tehdit etti\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25962,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[387,4600,1350],"class_list":["post-25961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-benzin","tag-kursun","tag-yilinda"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25961"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25964,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25961\/revisions\/25964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}