{"id":2794,"date":"2025-01-10T23:06:51","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T23:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/?p=2794"},"modified":"2025-01-10T23:06:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T23:06:51","slug":"erzurumun-ticaret-tarihine-isik-tutan-30-kapisi-ortaya-cikti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/2025\/01\/10\/erzurumun-ticaret-tarihine-isik-tutan-30-kapisi-ortaya-cikti\/","title":{"rendered":"Erzurum’un ticaret tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan 30 kap\u0131s\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Erzurum Teknik \u00dcniversitesi Tarih K\u0131sm\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Murat K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu’nun, kentin savunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan kale surlar\u0131 \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ngiliz ar\u015fivlerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, halk ortas\u0131nda bilinen Tebrizkap\u0131, Erzincankap\u0131, Kavakkap\u0131, Karskap\u0131, Yenikap\u0131, \u0130stanbulkap\u0131, Kilisekap\u0131 ve G\u00fcrc\u00fckap\u0131n\u0131n haricinde, “hendek” ve “cebir” kap\u0131lar\u0131yla toplam 30 kap\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu tespit edildi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Murat K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, Erzurum Kalesi ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya 1998’de bitirme tezi i\u00e7in ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o g\u00fcnden itibaren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Erzurum Kalesi’nin bu g\u00fcne ula\u015fan az bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu s\u00f6z eden K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, “Erzurum Kalesi pek \u00e7ok \u00f6gesini s\u00fcre\u00e7te kaybetmi\u015f. Bunlar\u0131n en k\u0131ymetlileri de kap\u0131lar\u0131. Erzurum kap\u0131lar\u0131 denince akla bizim bug\u00fcn isimlerini bildi\u011fimiz ancak kendilerini g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz Tebrizkap\u0131, G\u00fcrc\u00fckap\u0131, Yenikap\u0131 ve Erzincankap\u0131 geliyor. Bu kap\u0131lardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak insanlar\u0131m\u0131z Erzurum Kale kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 7-8 yahut 9 oldu\u011funu daima s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. 7 kap\u0131l\u0131, 8 kap\u0131l\u0131, 9 kap\u0131l\u0131 kent denilmi\u015ftir ancak tarihi evraklar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda inceledi\u011fimizde bu kap\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz” diye konu\u015ftu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

“Osmanl\u0131lar \u0130ran tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir sur daha yapm\u0131\u015f”\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, 415’te Do\u011fu Roma periyodunda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen kale surlar\u0131n\u0131n 2 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015ftu\u011funu vurgulayarak, Tebrizkap\u0131 denilen b\u00f6lgede 2 surun bulundu\u011funu ve bu sur \u00fczerinde de 2 kap\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 lisana getirdi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Roma’dan kalan Erzurum Kalesi \u00fczerinde 8 kap\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:\u00a0<\/p>\n

“Ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131lar 1570’li y\u0131llarda \u0130ran tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir sur daha yapm\u0131\u015f. Buna 3. sur diyoruz. Bu da k\u00e2fi olmuyor, 1865-77 ortas\u0131nda 4. sur yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu sur \u00fczerindeki kap\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rebiliriz. Mesela Karskap\u0131, \u0130stanbulkap\u0131 ve Kavakkap\u0131 bug\u00fcn mevcut, Harputkap\u0131 k\u0131smen duruyor. 1570’lerde yap\u0131lan kentin varo\u015f mahallelerini ku\u015fatan 3. sur \u00fczerinde \u00e7okta bilinmeyen bir kap\u0131 ismi cebir kap\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Birtak\u0131m evraklarda cebir kap\u0131lar\u0131n hende\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor lakin teferruat verilmiyor. Cebir kap\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir kap\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u00f6b\u00fcr kap\u0131lardan ne \u00fczere farklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu dok\u00fcmanlar s\u00f6ylemiyor ama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda en az 15 tane cebir kap\u0131 oldu\u011funu biliyoruz.”\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Son yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yeni bir kap\u0131 tipi olan hendek kap\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktaran K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, bu kap\u0131lar\u0131n surlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kenti \u00e7evreleyen hendekler \u00fczerindeki kap\u0131lar oldu\u011funu kaydetti.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, “Erzurum’da farkl\u0131 hedeflerle kullan\u0131lan, farkl\u0131 noktalarda ve kalenin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hendek i\u00e7inde bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hendek \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmak \u00fczere toplam kap\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 30 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyoruz” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kulland\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

“Kap\u0131lar ayakta olsayd\u0131 Erzurum bir a\u00e7\u0131k sava\u015f m\u00fczesi niteli\u011finde olacakt\u0131”\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Erzurum \u00fczerinde 4 surun toplam uzunlu\u011funun 23 kilometreye kadar ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, kelamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:\u00a0<\/p>\n

“Bunlar\u0131n her biri farkl\u0131 periyotlarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Do\u011fu Roma’dan tutun 1877’ye kadar yani 93 Harbi \u00f6ncesine kadar toplamda 23 kilometre uzunlu\u011funda sur yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Hasebiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Erzurum Kalesi’nin \u00e7ok \u00f6zel ve \u00e7ok ender g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir kale oldu\u011funu, vakit i\u00e7erisinde kendini geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini lakin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te birtak\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerini de kaybetti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Erzurum Kalesinin 4 suru ve 30 kap\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcn ayakta olsayd\u0131, Erzurum bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava harp ve sava\u015f m\u00fczesi niteli\u011finde olacakt\u0131. Bunlar kentin ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en olaylar\u0131, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zahmetleri, zaferleri, ma\u011flubiyetleri hepsini g\u00f6steren deliller olarak duracakt\u0131.”\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, Erzurum Kalesini incelerken \u00f6ncelikle Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivinden istifade ettiklerine vurgu yaparak, \u00f6zelikle 1700 ve 1800’l\u00fc y\u0131llara ili\u015fkin tamir defterlerinde kalenin bozulan, tamire gereksinim duyulan yerlerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde incelendi\u011fini ve ke\u015fif defterleri olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bu evraklardaki hendek ve cebir kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131 bulduklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcku\u011furlu, “Ayn\u0131 vakitte \u0130ngiliz ar\u015fivinden \u00e7\u0131kan haritalar bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli. Bu haritalar Do\u011fu Roma’dan kalan birinci iki sur \u00fczerindeki kap\u0131lar\u0131n yerlerini g\u00f6steriyor. Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ngiliz ar\u015fivindeki dok\u00fcmanlar birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde yap\u0131lan ba\u015fka bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve Erzurum Kent Ar\u015fivindeki birtak\u0131m evraklarla, ortaya 30 kap\u0131 ve 23 kilometreden olu\u015fan 4 sur \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ticaret yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan Erzurum’un 30 kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu tespit edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2795,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[724,192,723,722,725],"class_list":["post-2794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-erzurum","tag-kapi","tag-kapilari","tag-sur","tag-uzerinde"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2799,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794\/revisions\/2799"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}