{"id":52379,"date":"2025-06-29T08:00:43","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T08:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/?p=52379"},"modified":"2025-06-29T08:00:43","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T08:00:43","slug":"cay-sudaki-agir-metalleri-azaltabilir-ama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/2025\/06\/29\/cay-sudaki-agir-metalleri-azaltabilir-ama\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ay sudaki a\u011f\u0131r metalleri azaltabilir ama…"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada besin unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve do\u011fal s\u0131hhat eserlerinin kontaminasyonu yani kirlenmesi konusunda artan bir kayg\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle end\u00fcstrile\u015fme ve s\u00fcratli kentle\u015fmeyle d\u00f6rt bir yandan a\u011f\u0131r metale maruz kalan canl\u0131lar\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda fotosentez yapan bitkiler geliyor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gerry Schwalfenberg, Stephen J. Genuis ve Ilia Rodushkin’\u0131n birlikte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hepimizin mutfa\u011f\u0131na, en \u00e7ok da Asya’dan Avrupa’ya uzanan bir gelene\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Journal of Toxicology<\/em>‘de yay\u0131nlanan makaledeki ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay i\u00e7me gelene\u011finin muhtemelen 3000 y\u0131ldan daha evvel \u00c7in’de ba\u015flayan bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Bat\u0131da ise Asya’ya nispeten daha yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Portekizli rahipler ve t\u00fcccarlara tan\u0131t\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere’de tan\u0131nan hale geldi. \u00c7ay po\u015fetlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ise II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay, budanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde 15 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilen bir a\u011fa\u00e7 olan Camellia sinensis<\/em> bitkisinden elde edilir. \u00c7ay bitkileri y\u0131lda 127 santimetrelik k\u0131ymetli bir ya\u011f\u0131\u015f gerektirir ve asidik toprakta b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Asidik toprakta, \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde al\u00fcminyum ve flor\u00fcr i\u00e7erebilir. Flor\u00fcr ve al\u00fcminyum, \u00e7ay bitkilerinin bu bile\u015fikleri emmesi, biriktirmesi ve yapraklarda konsantrasyonu nedeniyle \u00e7ayda bulundu. C\u0131va, kur\u015fun, arsenik ve kadmiyumun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6teki toksik elementler de literat\u00fcrde a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u00e7ay yapraklar\u0131nda bulundu. Kur\u015fun, arsenik ve kadmiyum ayr\u0131yeten demlenmi\u015f siyah \u00e7ayda da bulundu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

K\u00dcRESEL K\u00d6M\u00dcR KULLANIMININ %47’S\u0130 \u00c7\u0130N<\/span>‘DE<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu toprak ve hava kirleticileri, k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik santrallerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131yla alakal\u0131 olabilir. \u00c7in’de k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 3,8 milyar tona yahut global k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k %47’sine y\u00fckseldi. K\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 elektrik santralleri \u00c7in’deki g\u00fcc\u00fcn %70’ini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Elektrik santrallerinden gelen kur\u015fun ve c\u0131va \u00fczere kirleticiler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n geli\u015fimini etkilerken kur\u015fun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n geli\u015fim katsay\u0131lar\u0131nda de\u011ferli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7aylar ekseriyetle 5 ana kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: beyaz, sar\u0131, ye\u015fil, oolong ve siyah \u00e7ay. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi Kanada’daki birden fazla s\u00fcpermarkette bile (sar\u0131 \u00e7ay hari\u00e7) kolayl\u0131kla bulunabilir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hedefleri do\u011frultusunda, organik yahut ola\u011fan (organik olarak etiketlenmemi\u015f) raflarda sat\u0131lan yayg\u0131n \u00e7aylar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 besin ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda bulunan kimi \u00e7aylar da kullan\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcm \u00e7aylar, birebir \u00f6zellikteki ba\u015fka fincanlarda demleme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ay po\u015fetlerindeydi. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 \u00e7ay tiplerinin i\u015flenmesi \u015fu bi\u00e7imdedir;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Beyaz \u00e7ay:<\/span><\/strong> Gen\u00e7 yapraklar yahut tomurcuklar, s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, alevlenmeyen f\u0131r\u0131nda kurutulur;<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay:<\/strong><\/span>S\u0131cak tavada buharda yahut kuru pi\u015firilir; <\/p>\n

Oolong \u00e7ay\u0131:<\/span><\/strong> Yapraklar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f ve \u0131l\u0131k r\u00fczgarlar alt\u0131nda soyulmas\u0131, daha fazla oksidasyon standard\u0131 ye\u015fil ve siyah \u00e7aylar ortas\u0131ndad\u0131r;<\/p>\n

Siyah \u00e7ay:<\/strong> yapraklar b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn oksitlenir, soldurulur ve oksidasyonu aktifle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in par\u00e7alan\u0131r, bunun sonucunda kate\u015finler kompleks tanenlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi \u00e7ay\u0131n muhtemel yararl\u0131 ve t\u0131bbi istikametleri ile \u00e7aydaki a\u011f\u0131r metallerin ziyanl\u0131 tesirlerini anlatmaya ba\u015flayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada tahlil i\u00e7in po\u015fet \u00e7ay<\/span><\/strong> olarak sat\u0131lan siyah, ye\u015fil, beyaz ve oolong \u00e7ay<\/span><\/strong>lar\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay<\/strong><\/span>lar 3 k\u00fcmeye ayr\u0131ld\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay<\/span><\/strong> yapraklar\u0131 (\u0131), 3-4 dakika demlenen \u00e7ay<\/span><\/strong> (\u0131\u0131) ve 15-17 dakika demlenen \u00e7ay<\/span><\/strong> (\u0131\u0131\u0131) tahlil edildi.<\/p>\n

30 farkl\u0131 \u00e7ay<\/span><\/strong> \u00fczerinde toksik element testi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar mevcut datalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm demlenmi\u015f \u00e7aylar kur\u015fun<\/span> i\u00e7eriyor<\/span><\/strong>du ve 3 dakika demlenen \u00e7aylar\u0131n %73’\u00fc<\/span><\/strong> ve 15 dakika demlenen \u00e7aylar\u0131n %83’\u00fc<\/span> hamilelik ve emzirme periyodunda t\u00fcketilmesi inan\u00e7l\u0131 olmayan kur\u015fun<\/span> d\u00fczeylerine sahipti<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Demlenmi\u015f \u00e7aylar\u0131n %20’sinde al\u00fcminyum d\u00fczeyleri \u00f6nerilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin \u00fczerindeydi. Hi\u00e7bir demlenmi\u015f \u00e7ay \u00f6rne\u011finde c\u0131va bulunmad\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7aylar magnezyum<\/span><\/strong>, kalsiyum<\/span><\/strong>, potasyum<\/span><\/strong> ve fosfor<\/strong><\/span> \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli faydal\u0131 elementler i\u00e7erir. Yaln\u0131zca manganez<\/span><\/strong> d\u00fczeylerinin birtak\u0131m siyah \u00e7aylarda \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu biliniyor. \u00d6rneklenen \u00e7aylar\u0131n bir\u00e7oklar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r metal bulundu.<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay, s\u0131hhat i\u00e7in gerekli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen az \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde magnezyum, kalsiyum, potasyum, fosfor ve ba\u015fka eser elementleri bize sa\u011flar. \u00c7ay, bir cins antioksidan olan kate\u015fin <\/span><\/strong>de<\/span><\/span> i\u00e7erir. Kate\u015fin son periyotta h\u00fccre hasar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen en yararl\u0131 antioksidanlar ortas\u0131nda g\u00f6steriliyor ve en \u00e7ok da beyaz ve ye\u015fil \u00e7ayda y\u00fcksek oranda bulunuyor. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay ayr\u0131yeten cinsine ve demleme sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 30 ila 90 mg\/fincan ortas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilen oranlarda kafein i\u00e7erir. \u00c7ay i\u00e7menin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ana s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla belirtilen bir\u00e7ok ve \u00e7e\u015fitli tesirleri vard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Kardiyovask\u00fcler Etkiler<\/strong><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Literat\u00fcrdeki bir\u00e7ok rapor, \u00e7ay\u0131n kolesterol\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hipertansiyonu ve iltihab\u0131 g\u00fczelle\u015ftirerek kardiyovask\u00fcler sisteme yarar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay, toplam ve LDL kolesterol\u00fc k\u0131ymetli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

2. Antikanser Etkileri<\/strong><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay i\u00e7menin kanseri \u00f6nledi\u011fine dair \u00e7eli\u015fkili pek \u00e7ok delil mevcut. Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay\u0131n g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kanseri riskini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinirken bu tesir \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00f6strojen metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilen fitokimyasallara atfediliyor. <\/p>\n

3. Kilo Kayb\u0131 ve Diyabet<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Kilo kayb\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bir incelemede, ye\u015fil \u00e7ay\u0131n obez yahut \u00e7ok kilolu yeti\u015fkinlerde klinik a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kilo kayb\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Diyabet (\u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise ye\u015fil \u00e7ay daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u00e7l\u0131k glikoz d\u00fczeylerine neden olmakta. \u00c7aydaki polifenollerin antioksidan esirgeyici fonksiyonuyla ins\u00fclin direncinin iyile\u015ftirilebilece\u011fine dair kimi ispatlar da var. Ayr\u0131yeten bu antioksidanlar\u0131n retinay\u0131 ve b\u00f6brekleri diyabete ba\u011fl\u0131 komplikasyonlardan koruyabilece\u011fine dair deliller var.<\/p>\n

4. Enfeksiyon \u00d6nleyici \u00d6zellikler<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay \u00f6z\u00fct\u00fc, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antibakteriyel \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle di\u015f \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve periodontal hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nleyicidir ve a\u011f\u0131z gargaras\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Ye\u015fil \u00e7ay\u0131n en etkin bile\u015feni olan epigallocatechin gallate, antiviral, antibakteriyel ve antifungal \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir.<\/p>\n