{"id":53290,"date":"2025-07-01T12:24:34","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T12:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/?p=53290"},"modified":"2025-07-01T12:24:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T12:24:34","slug":"maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/2025\/07\/01\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu\/","title":{"rendered":"Maden \u015firketlerinin &#8216;hilesi&#8217; kamunun 92 milyar dolar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Guardian, finansal spek\u00fclat\u00f6rlerin etraf kanunlar\u0131 ve karlar\u0131 etkileyen \u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemeler nedeniyle h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan giderek artan say\u0131da davaya yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7oklukla yararl\u0131 m\u00fckafatlar elde etti\u011fini buldu.<\/p>\n<p>Uzun bir m\u00fchlet boyunca, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#8217;ndeki dava finansmanlar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle otomobil kazalar\u0131 ve istihdam talepleri alan\u0131nda geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;Sizin yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131z olmayan bir kaza m\u0131 ge\u00e7irdiniz?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bu soru dal\u0131n billboard slogan\u0131yd\u0131 ve rastgele bir \u00f6demeden hisse kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda davalar\u0131 finanse etmeyi teklif ediyordu. Lakin art\u0131k kesim \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oyun alan\u0131 buldu: \u015firketlerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n onlarca milyar dolara kadar \u00e7\u0131kabildi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck tahkim davalar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etmek.<\/p>\n<p>Bu davalar, \u015firketlerin karlar\u0131na ziyan veren aksiyonlar i\u00e7in \u00fclkeleri dava etmelerine m\u00fcsaade veren yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k tahlili (ISDS) ismi verilen ve en k\u0131ymetlisi de az bilinen bir milletleraras\u0131 hukuk alan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-0-HT7JwygK.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>ISDS NED\u0130R VE NASIL \u00c7ALI\u015eIR?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Dava fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 dava riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamas\u0131 ve potansiyel m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n art\u0131k ortalama 200 milyon dolar\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131yla, hukuk\u00e7ular sistemin hedge fonlar\u0131 ve uzman finans\u00f6rler i\u00e7in bir &#8220;kumarbaz cenneti&#8221; haline geldi\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck dava finansman\u0131 firmas\u0131 olan Burford Capital, aksi takdirde yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 yapmaya g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmeyen davac\u0131lar\u0131 destekleyerek adalete eri\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ama b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7inde tart\u0131\u015fma da b\u00fcy\u00fcyor: \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fonlamas\u0131n\u0131n savunucular\u0131, bu ve bu tip davalar\u0131n adalete eri\u015fimi art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor lakin davalarda karar veren hakemler de dahil olmak \u00fczere ele\u015ftirmenler, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fonlama art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kamuya muazzam bir maliyete neden oldu\u011funu ve potansiyel olarak anlams\u0131z davalar\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fine dair tasalar\u0131n\u0131 lisana getiriyor.<\/p>\n<p><b>PASTADAN EN K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK H\u0130SSE MADENC\u0130L\u0130K \u015e\u0130RKETLER\u0130NE<\/b><\/p>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmetlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan bin 400&#8217;den fazla davay\u0131 tahlil eden bir Guardian ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, ISDS davalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha yayg\u0131n ve yararl\u0131 hale geldi\u011fini buldu. ISDS mahkemeleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla firmalara 120 milyar dolardan fazla kamu paras\u0131 verildi; bunlar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda en az 84 milyar dolar fosil yak\u0131t \u015firketlerine ve 7,8 milyar dolar madencilik \u015firketlerine verildi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-1-blF4lCzn.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>DAVALARIN %31&#8217;\u0130NDE \u00d6DEMELER A\u00c7IKLANMIYOR<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek say\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 beklenen zira \u015firketler \u00e7oklukla ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6demelerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamazlar. The Guardian, \u00f6deme yahut uzla\u015fma yap\u0131lan olaylar\u0131n %31&#8217;inde m\u00fckafat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n<p>Bu hadiseler, en son m\u00fckafat\u0131n bir hissesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yasal s\u00fcreci, finansal olarak destekleyen hedge fonlar\u0131 ve ba\u015fka yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in giderek daha tan\u0131nan bir yat\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 haline getirdi. The Guardian, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflarca desteklenen en az 75 ISDS hadisesi tespit etti, lakin bunun da k\u0131ymetli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir iddia olmas\u0131 beklenen: bir\u00e7ok mutabakat, hadiselerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflarca finanse edilmesini a\u00e7\u0131klama zarurili\u011fi i\u00e7ermez ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k organ\u0131 bile a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 lakin 2022&#8217;de talep etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 2022&#8217;den \u00f6ncesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bile s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflarca finanse edilen t\u00fcm hadiselerin yar\u0131s\u0131 ABD, \u0130ngiltere yahut Kanada&#8217;dan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 ve %50&#8217;den fazlas\u0131 fosil yak\u0131tlar yahut madencilikle ilgili olaylard\u0131. En b\u00fcy\u00fck milletleraras\u0131 hukuk ve tahkim veritaban\u0131na eri\u015fimi olan bir yasal istihbarat platformu olan Jus Mundi taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan datalar\u0131n Guardian taraf\u0131ndan tahliline nazaran, hadiselerin d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnden fazlas\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b><em>The Guardian<\/em> ISDS HAD\u0130SELER\u0130N\u0130 NASIL TAHL\u0130L ETT\u0130?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf\u00e7a finanse edilen olaylara \u00f6rnek olarak, yan kurulu\u015f Bolivya&#8217;n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla yerli topluluklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgesinde madencilik imtiyazlar\u0131 sat\u0131n alan Bermuda \u015firketi South American Silver verilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eirket 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda muhafaza alt\u0131ndaki bakir co\u011frafyay\u0131 kirletmek ve topluluk \u00fcyelerini tehdit etmekle su\u00e7land\u0131 ve Bolivya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti imtiyazlar\u0131 iptal etti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet madencilik \u015firketine 18,7 milyon dolar tazminat \u00f6demek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-2-RiM27Gbv.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>VE \u00d6TEK\u0130 \u00d6RNEKLER&#8230;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, indiyum ve galyum rezervlerinden biri olan Malku Khota madeni. South American Silver, Bolivya&#8217;n\u0131n 2012&#8217;de imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131 iptal etmesinin akabinde milyonlarca dolar tazminat kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir davada, Meksika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, mahall\u00ee protestocu madencilerin ablukas\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kanadal\u0131 bir madencilik \u015firketi olan Silver Bull taraf\u0131ndan 408 milyon dolarl\u0131k tazminat i\u00e7in dava edildi. Bu davan\u0131n ise ekim ay\u0131nda ba\u015flamas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u0131l, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck dava finansman\u0131 \u015firketi olan Burford Capital, bir madencilik \u015firketinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck az toprak mineral yataklar\u0131ndan birinin geli\u015ftirilmesini fiilen sona erdirdi\u011fini sav etti\u011fi bir uranyum madencili\u011fi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tesiri nedeniyle Gr\u00f6nland&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 bir davay\u0131 destekliyor. Gr\u00f6nland, bu (mevcut) durumda, madencili\u011fin devam etmesine m\u00fcsaade vermek yahut 11,5 milyar dolar tazminat \u00f6demek zorunda kalacak.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-3-pbnPbrWw.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Toksik at\u0131k kayg\u0131s\u0131yla Gr\u00f6nland uranyum madencili\u011fini sonland\u0131rd\u0131. Art\u0131k, yine ba\u015flamaya yahut 11 milyar dolar \u00f6demeye zorlanabilirler. ISDS sistemi i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, davalar\u0131 karara ba\u011flayan hakemler de dahil olmak \u00fczere, giderek daha fazla tasa lisana getiriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 bir avukat ve ISDS hakemi olan Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fonlamas\u0131n\u0131n ISDS&#8217;yi &#8220;b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015f&#8221; haline getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Davac\u0131 i\u00e7in davay\u0131 kaybetme riskinin &#8220;ortadan kalkmas\u0131&#8221; nedeniyle daha fazla dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenen oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bu, birden fazla geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerden olu\u015fan daval\u0131 devletlerin, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fonlamas\u0131yla getirilen anlams\u0131z davalar\u0131 savunman\u0131n maliyetiyle y\u00fczle\u015fmek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 manas\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Sornarajah, artan yasal fiyatlar ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf finansman\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fiminin asl\u0131nda &#8220;ISDS sonucunda elde edilebilecek i\u015fin yahut k\u00e2r\u0131n boyutunun hayli b\u00fcy\u00fck&#8221; oldu\u011fu manas\u0131na geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 alanda, dava finansman\u0131 kesimi 2024&#8217;te 17,5 milyar dolar k\u0131ymetle patlama ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf finansman\u0131n\u0131n destek\u00e7ileri \u00e7oklukla i\u015ftiraklerinin adalet sistemini daha eri\u015filebilir hale getirdi\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-4-flZODhUg.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>M\u00dcVEKK\u0130LLER\u0130N %93&#8217;\u00dc GET\u0130R\u0130 SA\u011eLADI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck dava finansman\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Burford Capital&#8217;in CEO&#8217;su ve kurucu orta\u011f\u0131 Christopher Bogart, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf finansman\u0131n\u0131n, aksi takdirde yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 yapamayacak davac\u0131lar\u0131 destekleyerek adalete eri\u015fim sa\u011flamada k\u0131ymetli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Burford Capital, The Guardian&#8217;a konu\u015fan tek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf finansman firmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u015eirket, Eyl\u00fcl 2024 prestijiyle sonu\u00e7lanan davalar\u0131n %93&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcvekkiller i\u00e7in getiri sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eirket bir bildiride, &#8220;Hukuki finans, bir inceleme fonksiyonu sa\u011flar ve temelsiz davalar\u0131 ay\u0131klar: sadece m\u00fcvekkillerimiz davalar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6deme al\u0131r\u0131z &#8211; fonlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z davalar kaybederse, param\u0131z\u0131n %100&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fc kaybederiz&#8221; dedi.<\/p>\n<p>Bogart \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi: &#8220;ISDS&#8217;nin \u00f6teki bir\u00e7ok dava alan\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek potansiyelli yahut \u00e7\u0131karl\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-5-LrFVSb89.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Ancak ele\u015ftirmenler, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf davalar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n spek\u00fclatif davalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131yor. Columbia S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Yat\u0131r\u0131m Merkezi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Lisa Sachs \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fonlamas\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n bilan\u00e7olar\u0131ndan taleplerini takip etmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yor yahut te\u015fvik ediyor ve zay\u0131f yahut spek\u00fclatif talepler getirmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki k\u0131ymetli bir cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor. Dava fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131ndan getiri elde etmek i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat olarak davalar\u0131 arar ve bunlara yat\u0131r\u0131m yapar, bazen de daha fazla dava a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in mali \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 olan hukuk firmalar\u0131yla payda\u015fl\u0131k kurar. Bu dinamik, daha geni\u015f kamu faydas\u0131 yahut davalar\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti ne olursa olsun daha fazla tahkime te\u015fvik eder.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak Burford \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cK\u00f6t\u00fc yahut anlams\u0131z davalar\u0131 se\u00e7ersek i\u015fimiz biter ve i\u015f zarurili\u011fi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131zda epey se\u00e7ici olmam\u0131z\u0131 ve kazanan davalar\u0131 desteklememizi gerektirir. Aksi takdirde adaleti arayamayacak olan i\u015fletmeleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-6-CQUpQCZ6.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8216;KUMARBAZLAR N\u0130RVANASI&#8217;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u015eu anda, hakemler \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yasal masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya zorlayarak mali olarak cezaland\u0131ram\u0131yor. Lakin kimileri bunun de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Teinver &#8211; Argentina davas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yorum yapan hakemlerden biri olan Kamal Hossain, muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, &#8220;\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k tahlillerini (bu fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 masraf m\u00fckafatlar\u0131 verme m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmadan) finansal spek\u00fclasyon arac\u0131 olarak kullanmalar\u0131na m\u00fcsaade vererek bir &#8216;kumarbazlar nirvanas\u0131&#8217; yaratman\u0131n son derece problemli oldu\u011funu&#8221; s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Mahkemelerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 masraf m\u00fckafatlar\u0131 verememesi ger\u00e7ek ve \u00f6nemli bir sorun ve evvelki davalardaki hakemlerin dikkatini \u00e7ekiyor&#8221; dedi. &#8220;Onlar\u0131n dahil olmas\u0131, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n masraflar\u0131na eklenebilir. Bu nedenle, unsur olarak, bir mahkeme \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fon sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 masraf buyru\u011fu verebilmeli!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/maden-sirketlerinin-hilesi-kamunun-92-milyar-dolarini-goturdu-7-BfKcM7A4.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8216;DAHA DER\u0130N, DAHA YARARLI B\u0130R \u00c7UKUR&#8217;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ABD merkezli Odyssey Marine Exploration, \u00e7evresel m\u00fcnasebetlerle deniz taban\u0131nda madencilik yapma m\u00fcsaadesi reddedildikten sonra Meksika devletinden 37,1 milyon dolar tazminat kazand\u0131. Meksika&#8217;ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan Odyssey Marine Exploration davas\u0131nda yak\u0131n vakitte verilen muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte, hakemlerden biri olan Prof. Philippe Sands, davac\u0131n\u0131n biriktirdi\u011fi 21 milyon dolar\u0131 a\u015fan &#8220;dudak u\u00e7uklatan&#8221; maliyetleri vurgulad\u0131 ve bunun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf fonlamas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Zira yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n toplam maliyeti, iddiay\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kat\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonraki bir konferansta Sands, ISDS d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf finansman\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015f bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirerek \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00fczenlemelerin bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmeyi sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir: Avukatlar i\u00e7in daha fazla fiyat, hakemler i\u00e7in daha fazla dava ve t\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn dalabilece\u011fi daha derin, daha geni\u015f ve daha yararl\u0131 bir \u00e7ukur&#8221; dedi.<\/p>\n<p>*** Haber <strong><em>The Guardian<\/em><\/strong> tahlilinin \u00e7evirisidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Guardian tahlili, fosil yak\u0131t ve madencilik \u015firketlerinin eyaletlerden 92 milyar dolar kamu paras\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve giderek artan say\u0131da davan\u0131n finansal spek\u00fclat\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi\u011fini buldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[148,4088,524,7316,360],"class_list":["post-53290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-dava","tag-fon","tag-is","tag-ucuncu-taraf","tag-yatirim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53290"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53300,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53290\/revisions\/53300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}