{"id":5825,"date":"2025-01-22T06:36:12","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T06:36:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/?p=5825"},"modified":"2025-01-22T06:36:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T06:36:12","slug":"o-renkteki-kitaplardan-zehirli-kimyasal-cikti-raflardan-kaldiriliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/2025\/01\/22\/o-renkteki-kitaplardan-zehirli-kimyasal-cikti-raflardan-kaldiriliyor\/","title":{"rendered":"O renkteki kitaplardan zehirli kimyasal \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Raflardan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

1800 y\u0131llarda \u00fcretilen yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 kitapta, zehirli kimyasal arseni\u011fin izlerine rastland\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalan bu eski kitaplar\u0131n kapaklar\u0131nda, c\u0131va ve kur\u015fun d\u00fczeyleri i\u00e7eren hususlar tespit edildi. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, teneff\u00fcs yollar\u0131na ve kansere yola a\u00e7abilece\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bu kitaplara ait ihtarlar yap\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

ARALARINDA PEK \u00c7OK ESER BULUNUYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil kapakl\u0131 kitaplarda rastlanan bu zehirli kimyasal sonras\u0131nda, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde bulunan kitaplar kald\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00a0Arsenik i\u00e7eri\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc zehirli husus \u00a0i\u00e7eren kitaplar ortas\u0131nda, ‘William Cowper Esq’in T\u00fcm \u015eiirsel Eserleri’ (1845), ‘\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00c7an\u0131’ (1856) ve ‘Yaz \u00c7i\u00e7eklerinden Olu\u015fan K\u0131\u015f \u00c7elengi’ (1855) \u00fczere eserler yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Delaware \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan inceleme, X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 kullanarak kimyasal bile\u015fikleri test edildi. \u0130ncelemeler sonras\u0131nda c\u0131va ve kur\u015fun d\u00fczeyleri i\u00e7eren k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve sar\u0131 kapaklar\u0131 tespit edildi. Halk\u0131n kirli yap\u0131tlara kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 konusunda uyaran bilim insanlar\u0131 bu hususun kansere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.\u00a0<\/p>\n

DOKUNURKEN ELDEN TAKILMALI<\/b><\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil boyal\u0131 i\u00e7erikleri \u00a0tutarken, eldiven tak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirten bilim insanlar\u0131, kitaplara dokunduktan sonra \u00e7abucak ellerin y\u0131kanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda uyard\u0131. Bu ye\u015fil renk, t\u0131pk\u0131 vakitte Paris ye\u015fili ve Scheele ye\u015fili olarak da bilinir ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 200’den fazla kitapta \u00a0kullan\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

NEDEN YE\u015e\u0130L KAPAKLAR KULLANILDI?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Viktorya periyodu yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 1800’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kitaplar\u0131n seri \u00fcretimine ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak, \u00a0tarihsel olarak kitaplar\u0131n deri kapaklarla olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 de\u011ferli bi s\u00fcre\u00e7ti. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar deri kitaplar yerine daha ucuz bir alternatif olan ye\u015fil boya i\u00e7eren kapaklar \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00a0Ama boyan\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 arseni\u011fin \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilece\u011finin fark\u0131nda de\u011fillerdi.<\/p>\n

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Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar, okuyucular\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in arseni\u011fi ke\u015ffeden kimyac\u0131 Scheele’nin ismiyle an\u0131lan Paris ye\u015fili, z\u00fcmr\u00fct ye\u015fili ya da Scheele ye\u015fili \u00fczere canl\u0131 ve parlak renkler kullanmay\u0131 tercih etti. Bu kitaplar bug\u00fcn hala k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde yayg\u0131n olarak bulunuyor. Ve \u00a0d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda, kurumlarda ciltler ortas\u0131nda saklan\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

K\u00dcT\u00dcPHANE RAFLARINDAN KALDIRILDI<\/b><\/p>\n

Fransa Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, arsenik i\u00e7erdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen z\u00fcmr\u00fct ye\u015fili kapakl\u0131 d\u00f6rt kitab\u0131n\u0131 raflardan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az ziyana yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da k\u00fct\u00fcphane, kitaplar\u0131 tekrar raflara koymadan evvel testler yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ortalar\u0131nda Bah\u00e7ecilik Derne\u011fi’nin 1862-1863 tarihli kitab\u0131n\u0131n ve Edward Hayes’in 1855 tarihli ‘\u0130rlanda Baladlar\u0131’ isimli yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n iki cildinin de bulundu\u011fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015faretlediler. K\u00fct\u00fcphane, The Guardian’a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Bu yap\u0131tlar\u0131 karantinaya ald\u0131k ve harici bir laboratuvar bunlar\u0131 tahlil ederek her ciltte ne kadar arsenik bulundu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirecek” tabirlerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Carl Wilhelm Scheele, 1775 y\u0131l\u0131nda bak\u0131r ve arseni\u011fi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ye\u015fil boyay\u0131 elde edebildi\u011fini ke\u015ffeden bir Alman kimyac\u0131yd\u0131. Bu varyasyon, k\u00f6m\u00fcrden yay\u0131lan k\u00fck\u00fcrt kirleticileriyle temas etti\u011finde siyaha d\u00f6nme e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in daha sonra terk edildi. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar daha sonra Scheele’nin alternatifine nazaran daha uzun m\u00fchlet kal\u0131c\u0131 olan z\u00fcmr\u00fct ve Paris ye\u015fili boyaya y\u00f6neldiler ve bunu kitap kapaklar\u0131nda, giysilerde, mumlarda, duvar ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda ve konut boyalar\u0131nda kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.\u00a0<\/p>\n

KIRMIZI VE SARI KAPAKLI K\u0130TAPLARDA DA \u00c7IKTI<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli kitaplar, b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na ve teneff\u00fcs problemlerine yol a\u00e7abilen c\u0131va s\u00fclf\u00fcr olarak da bilinen cinnabar ismi verilen ziyanl\u0131 bir mineral i\u00e7eriyor. Cinnabar i\u00e7eren k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 boya, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yarat\u0131lan mermer kitaplar\u0131n i\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131nda da bulunur. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 boya ile kabart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131n, Hastal\u0131k Denetim ve Tedbire Merkezleri’nin toksik hususlar listesinde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer alan, c\u0131va s\u00fclf\u00fcr olarak da bilinen bir mineral olan sinabar i\u00e7erdi\u011fi de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00d6BREK HASARINA NEDEN OLUYOR<\/b><\/p>\n

Boya, eski kitap kapaklar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen mermer desenlerin i\u00e7ine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde ya da binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanan tek bir canl\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olarak bulunabiliyor ve c\u0131va zehirlenmesine yol a\u00e7arak n\u00f6rolojik ve b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na ve teneff\u00fcs sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abiliyor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sar\u0131 kapakl\u0131 kitaplarda da y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde toksik olan kur\u015fun kromat izleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fi tespit edildi. Ama sar\u0131 boya, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da ye\u015fil boyal\u0131 kitaplar kadar tasa yaratm\u0131yor. Zira o kadar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr de\u011fil ve insanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kapa\u011fa dokunarak emmesi zorla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

BOYALARDAN \u00d6T\u00dcR\u00dc VEFATLAR YA\u015eANDI<\/b><\/p>\n

Z\u00fcmr\u00fct ve Paris boyas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesinden sonraki y\u0131llarda, boyayla kapl\u0131 e\u015fyalarla uzun m\u00fcddet temas eden bireylerin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair raporlar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Noel partilerinde mumlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 zehirledi\u011fi, zehirli ye\u015fil renkli balo elbiselerinin giyen ki\u015fiyi zehirledi\u011fi, fabrika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131na boya s\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra kas\u0131l\u0131p ye\u015fil su kustu\u011fu \u00fczere haberler de yer ald\u0131. Kirli boyalara maruz kalman\u0131n, Jane Austen’\u0131n ve Napolyon Bonapart’\u0131n mide kanserinden vefat\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim insanlar\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bas\u0131lan kitaplar\u0131n kapaklar\u0131nda zehirli kimyasal unsura rastlad\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, kitaplar\u0131n kapak rengine nazaran birtak\u0131m yap\u0131tlar\u0131 raflardan kald\u0131rmak zorunda kald\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar devam ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[1545,1547,1228,1546,500],"class_list":["post-5825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","tag-boya","tag-kitaplar","tag-kirmizi","tag-yesil","tag-yol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5825"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5833,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5825\/revisions\/5833"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ikimisli.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}